Xylem vessels, found in angiosperms, have a much greater internal diameter than tracheids, the only xylem-conducting cells found in gymnosperms. The tallest living trees, redwoods, are gymnosperms. Which of the following is an advantage of tracheids over vessels for long-distance transport to great heights?
A) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders.
B) The smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur.
C) Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height.
D) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height.
E) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and the smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur.
Answer: D
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